Wednesday, December 11, 2019

On Jobs,


With the shift of the old economy into the new economy and new New Economy, we see an emphasis on soft skills like interpersonal communication. The knowledge economy has grown and emphasizes the importance of education as many more people are receiving higher degrees of education. Despite the shift in economies, the mega sectors of work remain the same: extraction, processing, delivery, and services. Some jobs and careers have not changed much from the shifts in economy, but the presence and reliance of technology and interpersonal skills has increased in just about every field of work. Other jobs have been created as technology progressively advances. Gig work like Uber and Lyft driving was made possible through advances in app software and both have become major companies providing many jobs to people. The amount of gig work available for people has increased within the newer economies. However, too, the polarization of good and bad jobs has increased. Good jobs include jobs that pay relatively high earning with opportunities for growth, provides adequate fringe benefits, affords workers autonomy and control over work activities, gives the worker flexibility and control over scheduling and terms of employment, and affords the worker some control over termination of their job. In the current age of flexibility, job stability has become notably less common. Especially so after the Pax Americana came to a close.

By comparing and contrasting the experience of six different people in different occupations, we should be able to gain insight on what it is like to work in the current economy. We begin with how our participants came to their current job. Elisabeth, a social worker and therapist, came to her job though a “freak accident” or by meeting someone with connections to the place where she works at now. She was required to have a license to practice as well as pass two interviews. Kelly, a senior business analyst worked in sales and transitioned into her current position likely due to her experience with data management. Pancho Villa, a welder, had a friend land him his job. A person working as a CBD oil mall vendor was recruited into his position. Daniel, a media entrepreneur, was essentially born into his family business. Jamie, a technical specialist trainer on the other hand, applied for her position which required a series of interviews and a project which is something similar to what Kelly experienced too. There are many ways for one to come to a job position. In the current economy, having social capital and connections that will help you gain the attention of an employer helps one increase their chance of being employed. Pancho Villa and Elisabeth are two examples of this. Having the education and experience to hold a job position helps as well as in the case of Jamie, Elisabeth, and Kelly. Some need only the job experience as in the case of Pancho Villa who got his welding position despite not having completed high school. Instead, he “did good jobs that the bosses liked.” Similarly, Jamie wrote the manual on technical training, so her boss offered her the position to train clients in a new job position instead of being a technical writer.

Before one obtains a job position, an interview usually takes place. All but one of six participants had some form of an interview and some had more than one. Jamie’s hiring process was “really tough” and “had more than three interviews… This one was five interviews and a project.” Kelly’s hiring process required “a panel of interviews… I think five different people.” Pancho Villa had an interview over the phone after his friend gave his name to the employer. Elisabeth had one interview. The practice of being interviewed for a job has a purpose. In the research of Rivera (2015), “cultural similarities were highly salient to employers in hiring.” In Rivera’s research, cultural compatibility is valued by employers. A cultural fit, she names it, includes the “leisure pursuits background, and self-presentation” of the (potential) employee and this is evaluated during the interview. The cultural fits and matches are done to improve or enhance “employee satisfaction, performance, and retention.” There are positives and negatives toward this approach to interviewing and hiring. While it boosts productivity, it also reproduces the culture maintained by employers which is not quite a negative, but it allows for discrimination of minorities. Minorities not always in the racial, ethnic, or religious sense, but in a cultural sense. Those that do not fit the employer’s culture or values are not likely to get the job they are applying for. A cultural fit is a hidden qualification for a job position.   

Qualifications for each our participants’ job differs and this is to be expected with a diverse job economy. Jamie mentions that the qualifications can vary within her job position, “I’ve seen it [range] anywhere from just need to be able to, you know, do like basic stuff in a Microsoft program to needing to know, like, deep dive down in the computer science world, networking, and Linux, and all that kind of stuff.” Having a degree in her field is probably also a qualification for her job position as she has a bachelor’s in writing and communication as well as some experience in coding and IT. For Elisabeth, “[c]ertainly uhm, like, a college degree, uh, they appreciated that I was in the process of getting a second master’s and that I had some, uh, skills in Sequal and Tabloo, specifically.” The person working the CBD oil mall vendor’s position required “at least two years of management or, uh um, two years of work experience plus, you know, a bachelor’s degree, so yeah.” Pancho Villa’s welding position “requires a high school diploma but nothing else really.” Elisabeth’s position requires a master’s degree “and you have to be fully licensed.” With a strong knowledge economy, high school is often the bare minimum for holding a job, the better the job, the more knowledge or education one may need.

The average workday for our participants is rather uniform. Most of them work from between seven and nine to around seven or eight. Forty minutes to an hour commute seems about average. The most difficult aspects to working vary from job to job. For Kelly, the social worker and therapist, the most difficult aspect of her job comes from dealing with patients that do not put in the work to help themselves. She also feels the most difficult part is watching some of her patients decline as it makes her feel as if she is not good enough of a therapist to help them. Pancho Villa finds the most difficult part of his job as a welder in teaching others, “a new person”, and sometimes “they don’t want to listen”. The CBD oil mall vendor finds the most difficult part to be finding dedicated employees to help with the vendor. Kelly, the senior business analyst, finds how “IT organization get[s] kind of siloed” and “you don’t always know what your peers are doing” to where ‘you end up working on the same thing.” Jamie, the specialist technical trainer, finds the most difficult part of her job to be learning new technology. For Daniel, the media entrepreneur, interfacing with people is the most difficult aspect of his job.

However, to gauge whether participants had good jobs or bad jobs, we would have to consider their income, job stability, fringe benefits, and autonomy over tasks and schedule. With the questions we asked our interviewees, we can ascertain how much autonomy our participants have within their jobs but pay and stability would have to be an estimate based on external literature. So, instead, we will just examine the degree of autonomy and fringe benefits our participants had. Beginning with autonomy, Daniel, the media entrepreneur, has a moderate amount of control over his tasks. “I would day I have 55% of control over everything I work with.” Because, as he says, “I’m not CEO” he has standards to follow as well as gigs to videotape, photograph, and make edits to the media that one of his family members may have accepted a contract to; he does not have full control over everything he does in his job. Schedule-wise, he has “a fair degree of control” but “clients and my team dictate what I have to do.” Jamie, the specialist trainer, however, has only “a bit” of control because her company and teaching is “really pretty structured”. Overall, she has “more control over my schedule over my tasks.” The senior business analyst, Kelly, has “a good bit of control” over tasks and has flex hours, so “as long as the work gets done”, then she has a fair amount of control over her schedule. The CBD oil mall vendor also is “pretty much in control” but has a “template of expectations of a schedule”. Pancho Villa, the welder, is “in control 100%” over what he has to do but also has to “follow the supervisor’s directions too.” Schedule-wise, there is not much control to be had except if you are sick or something is going on with your family. The social worker and therapist, Elisabeth, has “a pretty good control over my schedule” despite “[having] to be here all day, every day”.

As for fringe benefits, Daniel has none as entrepreneurship and self-employment requires does not offer such benefits. Jamie, receives 80% health care coverage under her company as well as 401k. She mentions that the amount of paid time off is rather low compared to others in the tech field of work. Kelly’s fringe benefits include working home two days a week, 401k, and health insurance. The CBD oil mall vendor received health insurance, paid time off, 401k, and is “happy or satisfied” with what he receives. Pancho Villa receives paid time off but no health insurance or 401k. Elisabeth receives health insurance, 401k, and paid time off. So, the fringe benefits vary more than the amount of autonomy our participants had. If we were to judge from autonomy and fringe benefits alone, most of these participants would have good jobs if what they said was accurate.

Further, given what some of our participants said, there are aspects such as permanent pedagogy or learning game that one must deal with in jobs. Sallaz (2014) explains the post-Fordist labor process in a call center. New employees in call centers are given the bare minimum instruction on how to do their jobs, they are learning how to do their jobs as they go along. While most of the six participants discussed in this essay received more training than the employees at the call center Sallaz observed, there still is, perhaps, a form of pedagogy or learning game associated with their work. Jamie and Daniel explicitly mention how they are constantly learning how to deal with new technology on the job to do their job. As Daniel says, “[t]he main qualification is being able to accept information, because this field is constantly changing because it revolves around technology. And technology changes.” Or as Jamie says, “I just kind of, you know, learn as I go. I’ve taught myself a lot…”. In the case of Jamie, “it took an associate’s course in IT” to learn how to learn how to deal with learning new technology. Call center workers, because of the steep learning curve, often leave their jobs as the annual turnover rates can exceed 100%” (Sallaz, 2014). The turnover rates are not as high in Jamie’s line of work, I posit, because the learning game and conditions of work are not as bad as working in call center. The learning game, however, as Sallaz (2014) hypothesizes, enables employees to work as hard as they do despite the hard learning curve. Perhaps this is so, because some people enjoy a learning and having a challenge. Jamie, the technical specialist trainer, mentions how “I enjoy the challenge” and “it’s nice to, you know, have your knowledge validated”. Kelly, the senior business analyst has similar sentiments, “there are things that are difficult about my job that I like and enjoy because it’s challenging”. So, I further posit that a certain amount of difficulty in a job is an aspect that can generate effort in some people in contrast to how Sallaz argues that the learning game or permanent pedagogy generates effort for those in the call center.

Others find the most rewarding aspect of their job in things apart from the challenge. What generates effort differs from person to person. Daniel, for example, finds the most rewarding aspect of his job in interfacing “with historical figures”. He has had the opportunity to work “with the white house press report in Atlanta every time Obama came over. Or interfacing with some of our Civil Rights legends”. What Kelly finds the most rewarding is “fixing something that’s broken”. Elisabeth finds that “when you have a patient that is motivated for therapy” to be the most rewarding aspect. Or some people like Pancho Villa find the most rewarding part to be “[t]he check”. Another aspect of whether a job is good or bad could be determined by how much someone enjoys their job. However, a part of that may be summarized by the other aspects of what makes a good job: the autonomy, pay, and fringe benefits.

Every job is not without its downsides, personal sacrifices must be made to hold a job. However, one’s explicit personal sacrifice may differ from the next person. For Daniel, he notes that his personal life suffers because of his job, “I don’t have a huge social life. I’m working on it, but if you want to get anywhere in life… I’m going to work on it eventually. I promise. But, right now, I gotta put it on ice.” Jamie does not have to make too many personal sacrifices for her job, she notes, because “I work for a very family friendly company”. However, the biggest personal sacrifice she must make is “travel” as she must travel across state or country to do fulfill her position as a technical specialist trainer. “You know, it’s a sacrifice for my family not to be there”, but this is also a positive for her, “there is something nice to having that break as well. Not having to be in the same office day after day… Pros and cons.” Pancho Villa’s personal sacrifice comes from having to work “many hours” and “I can’t be at home as often as I would like to be.” Elisabeth’s personal sacrifice comes from having “the last patient on a Friday… they will be in a crisis and we have to send’em to the hospital, it’s going to take longer than 45 minutes to do”. So, some of the personal sacrifices are not job-specific such as Pancho Villa’s as working a job usually requires one to have to be away from home for hours, but some jobs have specific personal sacrificed to be made as in the case of Elisabeth. Dealing with “chaotic” patients is not an aspect of every job.  

In conclusion, in this economy, jobs and job experiences vary quite a lot. There are many ways in which someone may land a job position. Social capital and who you know can possibly be the reason as to why you get a job position. Being a cultural fit and having the other qualifications for a position may also get you a job. Having the education, college degree, and/or work experience related to your job position may aid you in obtaining a job. Challenges and difficulties in holding a job vary in each job as well as their fringe benefits and amount of autonomy afforded to the worker. Permanent pedagogy or the learning game may be typical of holding a job. Especially when technology is involved as technology is always changing. However, some amount of difficulty generates effort. Too much difficulty may generate a high turnover rate. Having some aspect that the employee enjoys also generates effort. Or, perhaps, just the paycheck is enough to generate effort for some people.


The transcripts of the interviews I did personally: 

Me: “So, first question is how did you come to end up in your current job?”

Daniel: “Since I was very young, I like to say since I was born. Um, my parents had a vision for legacy. And that means, as soon as I was able, I was already being trained in it. So, I was kinda like, uh, a family business. It was basically a stairway. Straight from, while I’m doing well in school, you’re also being trained business and I really like what I did, so, um, like, straight into my freshman year in high school, I was already working kind of, uh, 75% of the business and 25% doing schooling. I think how I came into it; I was born into it. It was laid out for me and I just, um, I seized the opportunity and tried to make it the best I can.


Me: “Mhm, um, so you didn’t have to go through, like, a hiring process?”

Daniel: “Fortunately, as entrepreneurs, it was really no hiring process for us other than being ready to do the job. For me, in particular, it was, um, that was, like, my thing. I had my chores, I had my schooling, and as soon as you’re done, you’re going to sit with your dad, you’re going to sit with your mom, sit with your elder siblings and you’re going to learn about doing. And then as soon as I was able, you know, they could use the extra hand. Uh, here’s an interview, we need you to go film it. Uh, here’s a camera, we need you to get some shots. I needed you to, you know, help earn my keep. Not only for myself, but for the family. It’s more so for my future, so uh, no hiring process. Although, funny thing is, when I was, um, entering second grade or first grade, we had, like, a whole mock, like, interview session. That my dad recorded on [inaudible] cam. All of us would get dressed and, like, business attire. He printed out an application from google forms. Or, google forms hadn’t existed yet but from google. And we filled it out and I remember saying that I knew calculus or some other crap that I didn’t know about. And that’s what it was. Um, I had a mock hiring process, but the real process was, well, just being ready. Because that’s what we were trained to do.

Me: “So, would you say there were qualifications for the job?”

Daniel: “In the business we’re in, um, the media business. The main qualification is being able to accept information because this field is constantly changing because it revolves around technology. And technology changes. Now, um, you could go to school and get a degree for this, but nothing replaces experience. As since I was very—since I was able to be in a job I—I did my first job since I was nine I (was with?) CSPAN at West Virginia. Nothing replaces the experience because you’re going to mess up no matter how much you know. And you just need to know how to take those mess-ups and forge, basically, your own role book, um, to keep working, right? So, the qualification is, I want to say, is experience. Like, if I had to make a term, it would have to be experience. And then right after that is willingness to learn, being open to all sorts of things. Because you’re going to run into people who it’s either their way or the high way. And that’s not just in my camp, it’s just in general. In, like, the producing industry. So, that’s that.

Me: “Alright, what would you say is the typical work day like?”

Daniel: “It changes on the day of the week. Um, the first thing that we always check is, alright, we have an early morning interview, um, especially during this quarter, we have a lot of galas that go on which means we go out and film people accepting their awards kind of thing. So, um, it starts with making sure we’re following the calendar. So that if there are early morning interviews, um, certain team members pull together that equipment for that [inaudible]. They pull that together and they put it aside for the next team to go out and to go forward. So, they go out, um, that team rides out, uh, the team that stays indoors, um, that could be either me or what else: that team focuses on adjusting existing footage or clearing out contracts from previous clients. You know, trying to make sure we turn everything around. Um, today is Sunday, so um, my day starts very early. Um, five or six o’clock I have to be up and at them by seven o’clock to be at Ebenezer Baptist Church. Our contract with them is that we manage their video tech, so, like, they have new screens that they imported. So we handle playing their lyrics, um, rolling their videos. Making sure all that stuff works for every service. And we also kinda double as unofficial tech support for everything that goes wrong. So, as, we run tests for all their audio, for all their video, uh, for their streaming service. So, we run a lot of tests, checks, and balances, and then actual service happens. That’ll run from, uh, we get indoor probably like at, like, 7:45 and from 7:45 to like 12:31 depending on what kind of service it is. First Sunday, we actually stayed there until 1:20. So, stay there and then we come back here to the office and breakfast on Sunday is kinda off. But then Monday through Friday is back on our main tick, which is working with different websites. It’s, uh, either producing those or preparing for the galas that are coming up. So, it changes on the day and the season. It’s, gala season, it’s usually planning and then filming, and then editing. A lot of that, but if it’s spring season, it’s a lot of, like, that’s a lot of photography during that time, because there’s a lot of, like, recognition ceremonies. A lot of, like uh, the Braves have, like, uh, a honorary minority businesses. So, we’ll go out and do a lot of event coverage. So that’s going out taking photos, bringing that back, [inaudible]. So that’s, I guess, a day. That didn’t describe a day or a period, to be honest. Did that work out for you?”

Me: “Yeah, that works. How many hours a week do you dedicate to your job?”

Daniel: “All of them [laugh]. Uh, so, if you hear from every entrepreneur is that you have to wear all the hats, and to wear all the hats, you have to have all the hours. So, um, I try to get between six and eight hours of sleep. I usually clock out at, like, six, so um, getting up at a seven. Staying up to, like, twelve [or] two. But I try to work until five. I try to stop at five. That’s usually not like that this season. So even if I’m not on the clock. I’m planning for the next day. Take that time [inaudible] and I’m in my room with the laptop and I’ll write a list about before I, you know, chill out, read a book, or, you know, chill out and watch the TV. Before I do any of that, let me plan out for the next day. Or if I’m behind on something or something’s deadline, then I’m working (through the night?). It’s the same thing with schooling, I’m sure.

Me: “Yeah, I’d say so. Um, so you wouldn’t have much of a daily commute. It’s more of a—depends on the contract kind of thing?”

Daniel: “Depends on the contract. If we’re going into town, the commute, um, commute only matters if it’s something like an hour out. Because we’re based out in Fairburn. Like, we’re thirty to forty minutes out from the city at all times. Um, so, if we’re doing interviews in and around the city, we have to check out where that is before we decide how important it is. So, let’s say we have an appointment in Buckhead at three o’clock on a Monday, we’re leaving out the house at, like, 1:30, because lunch hour traffic is terrible. It’s Atlanta. You may as well leave two hours early anyway.

Me: “So true. What do you find most challenging or difficult about this job?”

Daniel: “I would say it’s something technical, but it’s really just interfacing with people. Because you have to—it’s not everyone is tech savvy. And you have to explain everything in a way that, uh, that will keep them satisfied, have them understand the scope of work you’re going through, and then also make sure they give you your check at the end of the day. So, it’s a mixture of a couple different things, but the main deal is talking. Is like, especially when you’re doing photography and videography, where it’s, you know, people have this whole idea in their heads. And you have to make that come to life without ever seeing what’s in their head. So, it’s just getting the information out of people and then you can go crazy with what you actually know what to do. But it’s just taking out what they know, from what they’re thinking, and bringing it to life. So, it’s just that interface.
Me: “I suppose it takes a bit of imagination too?”

Daniel: “It is a big imagination deal. Um, and I want to say imagination, but it’s become so standard in how we, like, handle things. Like, for gala videos. We have a whole system. Corey writes the script; we have two teams go out and capture interviews [inaudible]. Uh, that team goes out captures interviews, the cutting floor takes [inaudible] my sisters, Kellie and Kailah, you met them, they cut that joint up. They send it to a script writer. That script writer writes a script. And then we take it from there. And um, my dad creates audio layers for it and then me and my brother take it and finalize it—we master it. We add the lower thirds, we add the special graphics, we add the animation at the end. And then we pump that joint out and [inaudible]. So, it’s imagination, sure. But when you have kinda like—it’s kinda like, um, let me put this in YouTube terms. You know a video is going to be a certain way no matter how you look at it. Comedy videos are always going to be funny because they have memes, wacky whatever and all that stuff. Informative videos will almost always have infographics. Like that kinda deal. It falls into, like, imagination is required most definitely, but it kind of falls into, like, categories of, like, or libraries, if you will, of content that you continually pull from. So, that, it feels uniform to us. To maybe someone on the outside, it’s just like we’re pulling stuff out of the hat.”

Me: “I see, that makes sense.”

Daniel: “I’m giving you some secrets right now.”

Me: “What do you find most rewarding about this job?”

Daniel: “When we interface with historical figures. Um, I had the privilege of working with the white house press report in Atlanta every time Obama came over. Or interfacing with some of our Civil Rights legends like [inaudible] CT Vivian, the whole entire posse that worked closely with MLK to get, um, uh, our voting rights established. Equality for, you know, blacks in America. I work with a lot of them those people. The church I go to is the spiritual home of MLK and right across the street we work with MLK’s daughter, uh, I think his youngest daughter [inaudible] King for all of her non-violence 360 live projects. I guess, and if it’s interfacing with history, it’s what is most rewarding and then, like, when you try something new and someone actually likes it. That’s also rewarding. You try a new effect or you try a new type of photo or you get a very expensive camera and you don’t—you’re not sure if someone is going to see the same thing you see out of the camera and they like photos [inaudible]. So, it’s just that you’re putting the work in and they receive it well. That’s the most rewarding thing about it. I mean, getting paid is nice too.

Me: “How much control do you have over your work?”

Daniel: “I’m not CEO, so I don’t want to say I don’t have control, like, I don’t have any control. You can see something wrong, take the freedom to fix it. But everything like I talked about, you know, like the uniform deal. Um, everything kind of has to fall within that. So, I want to make sure that what I am doing upholds to our standard of excellence. And then there’s —that doesn’t even go to control. That’s more so just keeping up to our standards. So, uh, if I had to say a percentage. I would say I have 55% of control over everything I work with—the work that touches my desk. And if it’s a photo job, that I pull in, then I have 100% control. But then, not even then, because clients always [inaudible]. So, (gotta think about that?).

Me: “So, a high degree of control, but some sort of standard.”

Daniel: “Standards to follow. There’s always standards to follow. But since, I will say that we’re more free than most, you know, people in the work field. Because, you know, a lot of people have a nine to five and all they care about is just finishing that, but we’re entrepreneurs. Which means a) we care, because this is what our livelihood. We directly control how much money comes into the household. And the end of the day, it doesn’t matter what happens, we control that. Period. And, you have to like it if you come out with anything. It’s not like McDonalds where you can kinda flip something and call it a rip. Or, like, at a library, you just stack some books and call it a rip. It’s just this is we’re creating people’s visions here, so we have to a) like it, and then b) be liberal with it.

Me: “Um, how much control do you have over your schedule?”

Daniel: “I have a fair degree of control. As long as I get notice to my, well, my dad is my boss—my mom [inaudible]. I give them notice of—now I can’t, like, flake out and say I don’t want to do work today. But, let’s say, over the weekend, I was able to me, my sister, went to Anime Weekend Atlanta. I let them know. Like, three of four days ahead of time. “Like, hey, this is coming up. I have an opportunity to go. I have these two days where I’m not working. Can I take that time to dip?” So, I have a fair degree of control. As long as I do everything to the proper channels. I’m good. And that’s really all I can ask for. I have a great place to be in, so I’m not complaining about that at all. So, fair degree of control. Um, other than that, clients and my team dictate what I have to do.

Me: “So, for tasks, you—they dictate what you do?”

Daniel: “So, yes, unless I’m doing a project by myself where I’m heading a contract. Like, the church is kinda me and my brother’s contract. We chiefly control that. I control those tasks, but other than that, they tell me what I gotta do and I gotta do it.

Me: “Alright, do you feel that you have to make personal sacrifices for your job?”

Daniel: “Of course, it’s—I want to say that you know but you’re speaking [inaudible]. I don’t have a huge social life. I’m working on it, but if you want to get anywhere in life. It’s like anything comes with a balance. And if I want to be exceptionally good at one thing, I have to sacrifice another thing. And for me, right now, I really want to get on top of, like, uh, you know, saving up for my future home, buying my own car, you know, doing all these other things. Controlling my credit and all that other stuff. And I have to put all these other people who aren’t really, like, thinking the same thing. I gotta put those people on ice. So, that’s what I kinda, like, I keep the two separate and I keep, you know, the personal relationships and stuff, like, I’m going to work on it eventually. I promise. But, right now, I just gotta put it on ice.

Me: “Do you think your wages are fair compensation for the amount of work that you do?”

Daniel: “Is he still looking?” (referring to his dad). “Um, yes and no. It didn’t use to be. I used to get, like, we used to bring in—I’m going to throw out a number that’s realistic but also weird. Let’s say we do a conference, that’s ten thousand. I used to walk away with $200. And that’s with three days boots on the ground. All day. Running back and forth. A lot of work. And then post-production and all that stuff. We used to walk with $200. We’re doing a lot better now. Now I won’t say that it’s completely fair. But I will say it’s reasonable. Because I’m also, I got a place to stay. Paying for bills for the house. I will say it’s fair. And I know the only thing keeping me back from making more money is the amount of work I do myself. The more I do, the more clients I bring in, then that translates to money. So, we’re doing a lot better than we were, like, doing six or seven years ago.

Me: “Uh, do you receive any fringe benefits, health insurance—”

Daniel: “Nope. It’s, uh, I’m an entrepreneur and I’m also working with my family, like, so that’s a double whammy, man. We ain’t got no HR department. None of that. It’s just work. You get sick? Take some NyQuil, go to sleep, get back at it [laugh]. Like, I’m going to be real with you, chief. It’s just you’re working with your family. You can’t exactly tell them you need, like, 130k a year for my teeth.

Me: “That’s true. Where do you see yourself in five years career-wise?”

Daniel: “Uh, five years. Five years, it would be nice to be CEO. It would be nice to be starting the first of many [inaudible] making this a national empire. Opening another office in another high traffic, uh, hopefully black-driven area. Because we, 99.9% of our clients are black-owned businesses. Uh, corporate leaders, um, board members, that kind of deal. Because we grew up, I could literally say, I grew up knowing these people as not only as our clients but as mentors and teachers. And there’s no real media company and there’s not a lot of them, I wanna say, that are representing us for who we are. For doing the good that we do. You’ll get the offshoot Vice commercial or Vice documentary. Get 20 minutes of them going through some ghetto neighborhood and then showcasing one dude doing one thing and then that’s it. We do it for everyone all the time. And, so, I want to make it into another high traffic black corporate area. I can’t think of many other places better than Atlanta right now though. Especially after what Tyler Perry just rolled. So, um, hopefully opening another office in D.C., or making connections with D.C., and um, beginning that national [inaudible] transitioning into the global empire I see myself, kind of, splitting and maintaining my own office. Um, and starting something new. You know, trying to keep everything rolling with the American Technologies brand, but making some of it my own.
Me: “Could you perhaps, like, do a partner company with, I guess, your father’s?”
Daniel: “And that’s great, because that’s what some of us are doing now. Like, uh, my partner [inaudible] right now, or I would like to say, not exactly partner, but, like, child company of American Technologies is okay and that really caters to the YouTuber streamer and that whole industry and that is coming up. And they want to have a mini-branding package. I can pop those out in, like, weekends. I like doing this. Entertaining high impact promos than most corporate stuff, I enjoy doing it when I charge for it. Right? So that’s a child company. But one of our partner companies is [inaudible] is run by my elder sister and that just focuses on brand imaging. Like, brand connections. She just connects people. She connects people to the right people. While also handling the graphic design. So, that is a very good point. Because that’s what we’re kinda pulling out now. Now, while I don’t see Noracane(?) continuing the gaming thing for the next five years. Because I don’t know how long those are going to last until everyone is just playing games for a living. I want to transition them into more of a branding thing. Maybe for the more entertainment side. Going back to what I know and what I do best and that’s controlling people’s brands or creating someone’s brand. Moving it to the next level. So that’s what I do best. And that’s where I’d really rather stay. In that field.”

Me: “Alright, do you believe this job will help you achieve your goal?”

Daniel: “Yeah, it’s, it used to be not a choice when I grew up. It’s just you did this thing. It was a part of your upbringing. Now, I have the skill set, I see—all I see are benefits for me now. You know, the stuff I am able to do. I’ve gone to Costa Rica, Panama, I’ve gone to Germany, I’ve flown across half the country already. I’ve worked with people I would have never imagined working with. I’ve went and taped the first and only black president of the United States. I see nothing but positives in this business. I see no reason to leave it. Or leaving this field rather. And I believe it can change. I believe it can evolve, but this is the way to go if I ever want to achieve my part in all this. People need technology. No matter where you go in the world. People need branding. People get paid to sit on their butts and talk about someone’s brand. And they get paid six figure salaries. We can create it from the bottom up. Once I, once we band together and move kinda forward into the, uh, like government market and international market. Then, I feel like we can be unstoppable at that point. We just need more people, because seven people is not enough [laugh].

Me: “What advice would you give to someone considering this line of work?”

Daniel: “Actually care about it. Give a damn. That’s the main—if you don’t care, you’re not going to do your best. If you’re not able to roll with the punches, and take the beatings, because they’re going to come. People, there’s a million other people who are going to pick up an iPhone and think that they’re photographer ready. I deal with enough of them at actual jobs, like, you’re taking pictures and people come up with iPhones. It’s ridiculous. But just be ready and make the sacrifice. You’re going to put a lot of things on hold. Like, if you ever want to get into any of these fields, then there’s not a [inaudible]. There’s something that you have to invest time in. Be ready for that grind (or grime?). Be able to roll with the punches. And this can kind of apply to any field really. But, especially for this field, where everything is cutthroat at the top and, like, at the top brass. Everyone is cutting at each other. But, like, we’ve handled ourselves with such grace. In our company is what we do is everyone we work with is near family to me. But if you decide to join this line of work and I’m glad you said line of work. Everyone around us. Everyone around the clique in Atlanta. They’re like paparazzi, they’re like TMZ or like Washington Post. They’re looking for the best of the best at any means necessary. So, if you’re in this line of work, be ready for that. And then, show everyone up, because if you believe you’re the best, then you can be the best. It all goes back to self-image.

 Me: “So, continuing off that, uh, what would you think what kind of person—what type of person—would be great for this line of work?”

Daniel: “Someone who is kind of versatile at a lot of things. A good speaker. A good story-teller really. Not a good speaker, a good storyteller. One who can kind of imagine, like I said, a story being put together. Because that’s what we do really. When you put together an announcement video or you put to together an honoree video, you’ve got to tell this person’s story in a medium that’s easy to digest for the public. And then sell it about how great it is or how empowering it is, right? So. A great storyteller. Someone who is analytical. But it all boils down to a great storyteller. I think that’s the easiest line of words I can come up for someone that does this kind of work. 

//////////////////////////

Me: “So, how did you come to end up in your current job?”

Jamie: “So, I started as a technical writer, first, then I had a boss who needed somebody to train a customer. So, he said, “you wrote the manual, so would you like to do it?” And I said sure, why not? And that was the beginning of going into technical training full-time from that point on.

Me: [inaudible] “Technical writing, how was that for you?”

 Jamie: “I’m more of a people person, so it was really hard to be just me, my computer, and software [laugh] behind my desk all day, but I had a writing degree which is what took me into technical writing to begin with, so it was fine, but I wouldn’t go back to it [laugh].”

Me: “So, um, what was the hiring process like for the position?”

Jamie: “For my current position? It was really tough. Um, my company, this company in particular was a little bit different other than other any company I’ve worked for and I have had—let’s see—five jobs in the tech space for the last twelve years. Um, and this was the only one where I’ve had more than three interviews. Um, this one was five interviews and a project. So, it was an initial phone screen and then it was an interview with my current boss, uh, and an interview with her boss, an interview with HR and an in-person presentation. Like, I had to do a thirty-five-minute technical training to four people in the company in-person. And then there was interview after than and then they had me to do one last project and that was to do a small presentation development for them to see what kinda what my process was and how I would think through developing a training material from scratch. So, I put that together and after all of those things. [laugh] I finally came around, but that’s not typical for my field. Usually, it’s two interviews and a presentation usually [inaudible].

Me: “Sounds like a lot of work. Do you find the work, uh, worth it?”

Jamie: “Yes, so I feel very fortunate. There’s a lot of people who go through their whole lives trying to find their career. [inaudible] 27 years old, right? [inaudible] (gotta?) figure out what do you for the rest of your life? Who knows? [inaudible] [laugh] I just feel very lucky that I found a thing that kinda works for me. I very much enjoy [inaudible]. I often get other people reaching out for positions and it’s not in the technical training space and I’m really not interested [inaudible]. Not everybody gets there. I’m very lucky I’ve been able to fairly early (get here?) very early in my career.

Me: “What are the qualifications for the job?”

Jamie: “Uh, well, it depends on whether you’re in a technical training position or non-technical. (Either way) it can vary. Um, I’ve seen it [inaudible] anywhere from just need to be able to, you know, do like basic stuff in a Microsoft programs to needing to know (like) deep dive down in the computer science world, networking, and linux, and all that kind of stuff. So, it’s really kind of runs the gamut. Depends on what exactly the position is for. So, we do, uh, firewall management, [inaudible] so, I know some networking, I know some—a lot— of security, er, cybersecurity. Um, we do some Linux [inaudible], so I know a lot of Linux backends, and it really depends what—with what—software you are working with for what they’re going to need you to do for/in a technical training point of view it can be all over the place [inaudible/laugh].

Me: “Do you also code?”

Jamie: “I don’t. I have taken some coding classes, so I actually have a bachelor’s in writing and communications, dual major. Um, but I did go into to do an associate’s in information technology. Uh, which was for years before I got my bachelor’s. Three or four years. Uh, because I wanted to go into the technical writing space. And I didn’t want to write books, I don’t want to write magazines, and I don’t want to be a reporter. What could I do? So, I started doing some process documentation. And that was a position I had right out of school. And, um, I decided that was in my wheelhouse. So, I (figured?) nobody was going to hire me if I don’t have a technical background. So, I decided to go back to school. [inaudible] Working for school, working for admissions. So, I was able to go back under [inaudible] [laugh]. And, uh, I almost finished my degree. I got a technical writing job when I had two classes left. And, so I finished those out and I actually did not pass my very last coding class. Because it was a higher level and I didn’t really enjoy it. It wasn’t really—it didn’t work with my brain. [laugh] So, um, I ended up not completing it but I already had the position I was using it to get and I, uh, [inaudible] experience from that point on. And I did at one point try to go back and finish back up that class and then they no longer offered that degree at the university anymore and so if I ever wanted to ever complete it, I would have to transfer and I’m sure only a certain percentage of classes would transfer and at this point in my career, I’ve been doing this for ten years. It’s really not necessary for me to get that because I have a bachelors. I have ten years’ experience. I have, like, technical, hands-on, experience. So, it’s kinda going with it. I think our drinks our ready, I’ll go grab them.

Me: “Okay”
Me: “So, um, what is the typical day at work like for you?”


Jamie: “Uh, well, for me it’s either one of two things. Um, I, uh, it’s either I’m teaching all day or I’m at my desk all day. Uh, when I teach, uh, we have three-day classes. We have a day and a half teaching virtually. But like, I do that from home. It’s easy and quiet to do it from my house. And we have an online classroom and then I spend the day just covering the course material with our students. It’s partially, uh, presenting material. And we also have a [inaudible]-based lab we access via the web. So, we have them doing exercises from there. A part of that is answering questions and monitoring the lab. Making sure people are actually doing what I ask them to do. Very similar in as far as structure when I’m there in person. Except I’ll walk around the room and help people out. Usually, I get a lot more questions when I’m actually there in class. Uh, so somedays, like next week I’m in Houston. In exxon mobile, up there. So, I’ll be travelling on Monday. Flying Monday so I can settle in and I’ll be teaching Tuesday through Thursday. Um, and then when I’m not teaching, I’m usually doing some kind of project [inaudible]. Most of the time, it’s new content development. It could be new lab development. It could be upgrading a lab. It could be—we just had a new version of our software, so we upgraded lab now we have to test (all our lab materials?) and make sure that the process that we’ve been doing/following still works [inaudible]. So, um, it could be we have to—we just partnered with CISCO, so we’re trying to bring some CISCO equipment into our lab. And so, lately that’s what I’ve been doing: installing and figuring out (how?) to deploy (new?) labs. It could be any number of things. But it generally is sort of preparation or new creation of something that will eventually become a part of training. Whether it’s down the road or [inaudible].

Me: “How many hours a week do you dedicate to your job?”


Jamie: “I’m at about 40 hours a week generally. Uh, on teaching days, it’s actually a little bit shorter. Um, and that’s often because students have a hard time being with you for eight hours [laugh] I get it, so usually, I try to have a certain amount of material I need to get through in a day. If we finish. So, usually we might at a six and half or seven-hour day on a day that I’m teaching. Um, the forty hours is actually one of the nice things about being a trainer in a tech space particularly. Think of tech support, and they’re on 24/7 and some of these guys work crazy hours. So, [inaudible] noon to midnight, seven to seven, and it’s really nice that there’s never really a training emergency. So, most of the time, I don’t even need to be available outside of working hours which is really one of the nice perks. My husband is a VP at, uh, technology company and it’s one of the—he’s answering phone calls at seven, eight, nine o’clock. Five o’clock in the morning [inaudible]. (Mine?) isn’t one of those kinds of jobs. Which is, uh, really good for the work life balance, that’s for sure. 


Me: “That’s pretty nice. How long is your daily commute?”


Jamie: “Daily commute is anywhere from twenty to thirty minutes right now. Really pretty easy. It’s light when school is out. Heavier when it’s not. But yeah, but that’s also a decision I made personally. That I [inaudible] that I can’t. Don’t want to drive one hour and a half in one direction.”

Me: “That’s pretty nice considering it’s Atlanta.”


Jamie: “Yeah, I worked at Georgia Pacific(?) for three months and I only worked there for three months because I could not make the commute. I was in my car for three hours a day. And that was even taking Marta. The drive to North Spring was (eleven?) miles and it would take me an hour [inaudible].

Me: “It’s really terrible driving here.”

Jamie: “Yes, it is.”

Me: “Um, what do you find most challenging or difficult about this job?

Jamie: “The most challenging thing is learning new technology. It’s, um, we’re getting something new in a lab—and even for me—it took an associate’s course in IT. But really, like, we never got into any of the operating systems, like, in a lot of depth. Being able to go into Windows, and into registry, or go into Linux, and maneuver the files and, um, a lot of that I just kind of, you know, learn as I go. I’ve taught myself a lot and (people have taught me a lot along the way?). Uh, so that’s probably the most challenging thing. Like, for instance, we are deploying a new system piece in our lab. And, um, I have a set-up document that is three pages. And then that’s helpful, but there’s a lot of stuff in the set-up process that’s not detailed there. So, it’s a lot of “let’s try this if this doesn’t work, reboot the whole thing and start at the beginning. So, there’s a lot of learning, but for me, that challenge is what keeps me engaged. I think if I didn’t have a job that challenged me in that manner. Then it’d bore me. I’d be done. I’d look for something else [laugh]. [inaudible] technically challenging, which can be really frustrating sometimes. But also wonderful.

Me: “So you like the challenge?”

Jamie: “I do. It’s also nice [inaudible]. It’s not like a challenge where I’m under time pressure. It’s like, support, you’ve gotta resolve this asap. Customer needs to know what’s going on and hound you until (something?) happens. For me, it’s very much, like, we would like to put this in there soon as we can. But if it takes us a month, two or three, then depending on what my teaching schedule is, that’s okay. Nothing is going to explode if I don’t get into the lab. Nothing is going to, you know, be detrimental to what we’re doing on a daily basis. We have a lab that works for us right now, so, you know, adding to it, improving upon it really is not a time-sensitive thing, so, um, that’s one of the nice things. I enjoy the challenge [inaudible]. It’s a little easier to bear.

Me: “What is the most rewarding part about your job?”

Jamie: “The most rewarding part to me is, uh, helping our students to make a connection [inaudible] (to see?) lightbulbs going (on?). It’s also very rewarding for me to watch my technical knowledge grow which also comes from being in front of the students. And having people ask me things I didn’t think I knew the answer. You know, as a teacher, you never—and I think any teacher would—say this, “that you know everything about what you’re teaching.” You just are never going to be hundred percent expert; high-end encyclopedia and I know every little detail. Nobody has the talent [inaudible]. So, it’s nice to, you know, have your knowledge validated sometimes and to recognize how solid your [inaudible] and then it’s the students are like “oh! So that’s why that is. Oh! That’s where that is.” You know, that kind of thing. Really (fun as an instructor?).

Me: “Um, how much control do you have over your work?”

Jamie: “Um, a bit. Just a little. Uh, we as a company are really pretty structured as far as what our courses look like as they all look the same in structure. Everything has presentation. Everything has lab. Outside of that, we do have some freedom to add in some extra stuff if it makes sense. You know, play a game in the class or have a little activity outside of the labs, you know, for term purposes or understanding what’s something in the product means. So, we have the freedom to do that sort of thing. Um, we also have the freedom to, you know, add to the course. But I will say that, we are a very small team, in a pretty busy organization. We actually had two trainers leave us this year. We had six, now we’re at four. Um, most of us are teaching every other week at this point, because we are so swamped and have so few people [inaudible]. Um, so, I would say we don’t have quite as much freedom as we may have time. You have, you do have the ability to embellish what you do, but you also need to get your other work done. So, it’s a balance there. It’s at this point where it depends on how busy you are and how many people are in the team. [inaudible] there’s not enough room at this point to, you know, make those decisions on your own to improve this and do this today. It’s very much “we need this training program complete, focus on that first; and, if there’s time for anything else, then have at it. But it’s usually, [inaudible].

Me: “So, when you have, like, four trainers on your team, like, do you have, like, flexibility in your work?”

Jamie: “So, yes, when we essentially we had six. We’re down to four. When those two left and they left at different times, but one of them we were not given the headcount to fill. The one that’s leaving next week, we do have the headcount to fill. We haven’t done yet. Um, what happens, with the same amount of trainings going on, we need to spread those across four people instead of six. So, when we had six trainers, we were teaching, maybe, every three weeks. Now we’re teaching about every two. Which isn’t too bad if one of those is virtual. If it’s in person though, for example, I was in Dallas last week and then Houston next week and then my boss approached me about going to Sydney, Australia the week before Thanksgiving. And I was, like, that’s going to be my third week out of five. I can’t commit to that. Can we push this? She was, like, “sure, but we already committed that date for the other trainers. I just was checking for making sure you couldn’t do it before we moved it.” So, like, it really wasn’t a big deal. It’s getting to that point where we’re all travelling a lot just because the workload is not spread as far reaching as it would be [inaudible].

Me: “So, you don’t have much control over your schedule as much, but, I guess, over your tasks, do you have too much control over that?”

Jamie: “A little bit, I would say probably have more control over my schedule over my tasks. We do have the ability to, you know, if somebody asked us [inaudible]. She does all of these scheduling customers initial contact, she actually does technical testing with them up front just to make sure they can access our environment—that they can do certain things. They can access certain things. There are a couple of these very common firewall things that most companies have in place that we need to change temporarily for our class. Just stuff like that she takes care of. She’ll often reach out for almost every customer and say, “can you do training this day?” And we can say yes or no. Because we are not expected to, like, to give up major things in our life as training has come along. Um, so we can apply yes or no, but we have to be prepared [that] if we say yes or no that we’re ready to give alternative dates. Um, so we do have some control over that. Tasks, less control over tasks. Just generally because we have a very big backlog of projects that we haven’t even started to touch yet. And so, we usually have a little bit of say in what those projects are. Like, I usually get very technical ones because I like that. And because I teach our expert level courses. I know the back end (of the?) systems very well. I’ve got other folks who maybe aren’t so interested in knowing things that much and they don’t teach the expert classes, they teach the user classes, and so, um, they might be doing. I’ve got one guy who’s doing (more like?) um, online recorded presentations for some of the admin stuff and then that the customers could reference. And so, it really—we don’t have a lot of control. Whatever is in the queue, our boss will generally say, “hey, is this of interest to you? Is this of interest of you?” Tries to give us projects that will further our interests and our knowledge. And, my boss, she knows that I like “give me the technical stuff.” [laugh] So if we ever have stuff like that [inaudible]. “We’ve got a new project, would you be interested in doing?” And so then she will share what it is. We do get some say in that.

Me: “That sounds good. Um, so, it sounds like you don’t have to make too many personal sacrifices for your job?”

Jamie: “No. And we work—I work—for a very family friendly company. Um, their internal motto is “employees first, customer second, business third.” And we’re actually a pretty small company. About three to three fifty people. Um, either between most of our company is between the US and Tel Aviv, because the CEO is from Tel Aviv. So, uh, we’ve got those two major areas. And, we had investor approach the company about funding us for some capital and our CEO has sad many times the motto is “employees first, customers second, business third.” If you want to invest in our company, you’ve got to be okay with that. And we’ve had many venture capital say, “nope, that’s not my bottom line.” And that’s fine, because we’ve stayed small because of that. But, um, it is very nice (if?) we have to go to a doctor’s appointment for an hour or two in the morning, you don’t have to take time off for that. Most of the management is very flexible in that. And I think in the tech space, like, I’ve worked in five different companies over the last twelve years. All but one of them has been a software company. And that has been a bit of a common thread amongst them with the exception of the one that’s not a software company. Were most of them have been very much, like, if you are getting your work done, we’re going to give you the flexibility that you need to do the things you need to do. And so, it’s very much just like open dialogue. Just tell people what’s going on. I told my boss I’d be here for a half hour to an hour. And she was, like, “okay.” It was a non-issue. So, uh, just the environment of the company is very much like that [inaudible]. Just so long as there is no training emergency. The biggest sacrifice I would say for, er, my position is the travel. Even though I’m teaching three days [inaudible] customer. You know, next week, I’ll be leaving my house around, probably, eleven in the morning to catch a flight. [inaudible] and then Thursday night, I finish my course at four o’clock on Thursday. But my flight is not until nine o’clock. It’ll be one pm when I get home given the time change. So, [inaudible] I think that’s more where my sacrifices are with my job.  You know, it’s a sacrifice for my family not to be there [inaudible]. There is something nice to having that break as well. Not having to be in the same office day after day. Interacting with new people. Pros and cons. It’s not the right job for everybody but for some people it’s perfect.

Me: “Do you think your wages are fair compensation for the amount of work that you do?”


Jamie: “I do, I think my company does, I think, we are on the lower side of the scale [inaudible] for how deep we have to know the product. But there are those tradeoffs as far as the flexibility and, you know, the fact that they don’t ask us to travel more than once a month. You’ll find that in my industry in particularly. You’ll find that I could make double than what I make now. But that’s if I’m willing to be on the road 75% of the time. And I’m just not, you know, it’s a tradeoff in my industry in particular. It’s a tradeoff: pay vs. travel. The more you travel, the more you get paid is generally how it works. [inaudible] spend time with your family, life, or whatever you have at home, for that period of time, they’ll generally compensate you well. If you’re not willing to do that so much, then you your pay is generally lower. You’re not required to be a road warrior. Uh, so, it’s fair absolutely. But because we don’t travel so much the pay is lower. And that’s fine.

Me: “My mom does something similar to you. So, I can understand that. She chose not to do the whole travelling thing. It would involve her going to, like, India and she doesn’t want to do that.”

Jamie: “Yeah, it’s hard. You know, my kids are still three and five. It’s just such a short time of their life. I feel like once they’re older when they’re teenagers, I can entertain more travel. Given that they’ll, like, “ugh, mom go away.” You’re a teenager, your parents aren’t cool. [inaudible] maybe some point in my life more travel would be something could or would be willing to do, but at this point, they’re so small. My daughter is almost five, and she’s sad when I go away. You know, when it’s for a three-day trip, it’s fine. Fifteen, twenty days, couldn’t do it. Wouldn’t want to do it.”

Me: “Uh, do you receive any fringe benefits, like, uh, health insurance, paid time off, 401K and are you satisfied with those benefits?”


Jamie: “I would say that, um, that, so we do get them. Health insurance is great. My company pays 80% which is huge. Actually, when I started, they paid 100%. It’s gone down. As we’ve grown, it’s gone down. The benefits are great. I’ll be very honest, [inaudible]. It’s really pretty up front. And it’s good insurance. Um, we do get paid time off. We do get fifteen days and then when we hit five years with the company, we get twenty. Um, I will say that is low compared to other tech companies. That is something. And it’s funny because we have this, you know, duplicity in the company with so many of the management folk being Israeli, and either living in Tel Aviv or haven lived in Tel Aviv and are now living in the states. Our actual headquarters is in, uh, [inaudible]. It’s literally across the Hudson. So, there are in Jersey. [inaudible] But they are a little tighter with, then again, our Israeli [inaudible] have timecards. They clock in clock out. We don’t have to do that here. Because that’s not really something we do in our kind of industry anymore. But, um, we do find that [inaudible]. You know, that’s just not the way we do it in Israel, so we’re not going to do it here kind of thing. Where, I think some US based companies that are in the same space or in a similar space. There would be a lot more benefits. My husband works for a small IT company and they have unlimited PTO. So, it’s probably on the low side and that is something our HR in the US has been fighting to get improved. This year we had sick days for the first time and (I had?) surgery and used three vacation days for a surgery because we had no sick days. Um, so it is improving. Not—it’s not [inaudible]. We do 401K but there is no match. There was another company I worked for that had a nice match. So that was a bit of a downer coming into this position. But overall, I would say the benefits are good. They could be better, but the work has been good for me, so I’m sticking around to see if other things will improve. It’s also a part of the company [inaudible]. We’ve only been in the US for five or six years. So, it’s may be a little learning curve. Generally, the management is pretty lenient. They’re not gonn. You know, [inaudible]. Satisfied enough but could be better [laugh] [inaudible].

Me: “Um, where do you see yourself in five years career-wise”


Jamie: “Probably doing the same thing. Maybe in a lead type of position. But, I really—I could go into training management. It would be a normal progression for my job. But I love the teaching aspect. It’s what I do and I don’t know if I could give that up for a better title, quote. Or I don’t know if the pay increase for what I do to management level would be enough for me to want to drop that part of my job. It’s one of those things that for some people who are very, um, upward oriented, right? Who want to go as high they can on the corporate ladder. Um, for some people they don’t understand that. I’ve had this conversation with friends where, like, “really, you don’t want to do anything different?” I do different things all the time, it’s just not a different job. It’s a different technology, it’s a different thing I need to teach. So, um, I think as long as I continue to feel challenged that way, I think [inaudible] I’d like a lead position, you know, train the other trainers, and, you know, kind of give some practice mentoring type of role. But I don’t see myself going into management. It’s not, it’s not [inaudible].

Me: “What advice would you give to someone considering this line of work?”


Jamie: “Oh jeeze, I would say [pause] get comfortable with your public speaking. Because every job in this industry that is worth its salt is going to ask you to do a presentation as a part of the interview. So find something that you know well because most of them will let you pick the topic, so find something you know well or make yourself know well. Learn something well. And be prepared to be present it. Because that’s going to be if you apply to a training position and they don’t ask you to present, it’s probably not going to be what you think it’s going to be [inaudible]. Um, the other thing is [inaudible] if you’re looking to get into technology training period. Is to make yourself absorb as much as you can about varying technologies or if there’s like a particular industry or thing, you’re into to really know that stuff and get certifications [inaudible]. To anything as simple as taking those, you know, free courses you can get from [inaudible] Coursera. You know, I got my Linux from one of those. It’s the same course you can pay for but without an instructor. And so, I always tell people, the more [inaudible] what you want to teach, the more prepared you may be to go into a training [inaudible]. And I find that a lot of the time, that [inaudible] training and being excited about learning is the other side of the (coin?). (You can see?) that you don’t know everything you will ned to learn about how to do this, but you want to learn, and you’re interested, it’ll take you a long way. So that’s probably the top advice. Prepare as much as you can, be ready to present, and be excited about learning the things you don’t know, because you’ll never know. And a lot of times, that first job [inaudible].

Me: “Um, what type of person do you believe would be most successful in this kind of job?”

Jamie: “I think that you have to be comfortable talking in front of people. You have to be a people person. You have a personality that flourishes when you, like, [inaudible] I wouldn’t say you need to be an extrovert but [inaudible] you have to be feel comfortable being a little authoritative, right? Because you’re going to be the one that everyone is looking to for answers. You also have to be able to say I don’t know when you don’t know. Because, like, if you’re fudging an answer, people are going to see right through you. So, you have to be comfortable, you know, both being authoritative with what you know and being accepting of what you don’t, and, you know, being able to just communicate well with people. I think if anybody has that skill set, you can learn the material you need to teach at almost every job I’ve gone into that’s in this field. There’s always been [inaudible]. Unless you use that software before, which 99% of the time that’s going to be a no. There’s always going to be that kind of stuff to learn. But have those presentation skills, be comfortable in front of people, be authoritative on what you know, [inaudible]. That’s a good way to [inaudible].

Me: “Okay, do you see yourself staying with the company. Yeah, do you see yourself staying with the company within the next five years?”


Jamie: “Um, great question. I’m really not sure. Um, possibly. Um, it’ll really depend on a couple of things. Uh, [inaudible]. It’s always helpful to keep your eyes open for the next opportunity. I entertain anything remotely interesting that comes across my desk. If anybody reaches out about a job, I will always [inaudible] tangibly in my wheelhouse. So, even that, who knows. But the other thins is, you know, if I get to the point where I am no longer challenged, or I don’t feel like my work or expertise is being appreciated, those are two reasons I’ve left previous jobs. And so, if I continue as things have been for the last two years, I certainly foresee myself staying with the same company. Especially, if the, you know, the growth continues to happen and there is an opportunity to become a lead on our team, but there’s, I would say, there’s an equal possibility I’ll be somewhere else. The longest I’ve stayed with a job in my working career has been six years. So, I have been at two with this one, in five it’ll be the longest term. I’d say it’s a possibility. I just feel like if something more interesting comes across my plate one day.

Me: “Do you believe this line of work within the company will help you achieve a better position in some other place?”

Jamie: “Absolutely. I have worked my way through a Linux system like I couldn’t before I started [laugh]. You know, I started a course at my old position. I did a little bit of command line stuff there and then when I got here. I came in here knowing nothing about firewalls. If you had asked me “how does a firewall work?” before I started this job, I dunno. Like, I understand theoretically what it does and I know networking but I don’t know, like, how a firewall is other than it blocks things. Now I know all those things. I now have a greater understanding and appreciation on the security side of things. Which is something interesting about this job is that every other position I’ve worked in—place I’ve worked—every product has had, like, competitors within the industry. Like, [inaudible] back end software for On Demand. And so, it’s like, our software if they attempt to [inaudible], can’t give it to Comcast. It’s competitive. Whereas, this, because it’s network based, then this thing and this thing and this thing. [inaudible] there’s no competitive edge to having it. Everybody’s network is safer. Yay! Kind of the outcome of that. So,  

Sunday, December 8, 2019

In Defense of Polyamory


            From the structural diversity approach to family, families are socially constructed and historically changing. Family diversity is produced by the same structures that organize society as whole. The approach considers how families are embedded and shaped by structures of inequality; acknowledges how family diversity is shaped by the actions of family members themselves; and charges us to understand families by challenging the monolithic concept of what family is or is supposed to be. Polyamory, by its existence itself, is one example of a familial arrangement that challenges the monolithic concept of what family should look like. The public’s awareness of polyamory has increased especially since the 1960s. Now we can see major news sites publish articles on polyamory such as Vice, CBS, Fox News, The New York Times, and others. The publicity anything receives can be beneficial or disadvantageous regarding public opinion. Especially so if that something is a lifestyle or familial arrangement that seeks legal recognition. So, the role of media in presenting polyamory to the public is to be investigated. On the other hand, how researchers present the topic of polyamory in contrast to the media is to be investigated as well.

            Beginning with clarification, polyamory can be defined as a consensual relationship wherein all the individuals involved agree to extradyadic sexual, romantic, and/or emotional relationships (Johnson, Giuliano, Herselman, and Hutzler, 2014; Williams and Prior, 2015; Ziegler, Matsick, Moors, Rubin, and Conley, 2014). Sometimes the terms nonmonogamy, consensual nonmonogamy, or ethical nonmonogamy is used synonymously with polyamory, though it leaves ambiguity between the differences of open relationships, swinging, and polyamory. Differentiating open relationships from polyamory is difficult as both arrangements can involve extradyadic sexual, romantic, and/or emotional ties. As one article suggests, open relationships tend to be sexually extradyadic (Naftulin, 2019). Swinging, however, is often solely sexually extradyadic. As consensual nonmonogamy opens the door for the discussion on relationship arrangements separate from polyamory, I will avoid using the term consensual nonmonogamy synonymously with polyamory. However, because research in polyamory tends to fall under research in nonmonogamy, the term of nonmonogamy will mentioned—albeit, sparingly—throughout this essay.

            News articles on the topic of polyamory can range from sensational coverage, celebrity talk, activism, explanations, arguments for, arguments against, to simply interviews that show polyamorous couples without bias and more. However, the odds are that a curious individual looking into polyamory will run into, say, a pro and con article about polyamory. One common con often stated is that jealousy is often a problem in polyamory. Especially when a primary partner begins to feel secondary (Mann, 2019). However, a piece on The Atlantic cites a study that suggests levels of jealousy are lower in nonmonogamy than monogamy (Khazan, 2014). The problem of jealousy and how prevalent it is within polyamorous arrangements is difficult to determine from news articles. An article by Cohut (2019) features an interview of someone within a polyamorous arrangement. This person alludes to the fact that her jealousy or negative emotions stem not from polyamory or that their primary partner is seeing someone else but the feeling of being alone. In an academic journal, however, both those participating in monogamy and nonmonogamy are reported to having a similar level of jealousy; but, the perspective on jealousy by those in monogamy and nonmonogamy may differ (Rubel and Bogaert, 2015). This difference in perspective may account for why those in extradyadic relationships sometimes find joy in learning that their partner is happy with another partner. This is a part of what is normally called “compersion” in polyamorous circles.

Further, those in polyamorous arrangements tend to adapt to the feeling of jealousy and see it as a personal fault and not the fault of their partner (Khazan, 2014). Or, because polyamorous relationships naturally allow the possibility of one’s primary partner having a secondary partner, the people involved already know what they are getting into and those that are prone to jealousy will phase out of such a relationship arrangement. A person Khazan (2014) interviews states that the ground rules in polyamory include “I care about and I also care about this other person, and that doesn’t mean I care less about you.” This creates a foundation in which the people involved in a polyamorous arrangement need not to feel jealous. Other portrayals of polyamory or nonmonogamy include the stereotype of the relationship arrangement being “one big orgy” (Kegu and Silverstein, 2019).  

            Many news articles focus on portraying polyamory as it is through interviews or personal accounts. Others try to dispel common myths about polyamory. Kegu and Silverstein’s (2019) article mentions that polyamorous relationship arrangements take a lot of work but carries a lot of stigma; that multiple partner marriages still remain illegal, no laws protect polyamorous peoples from discrimination, and no legal framework aids such peoples in sharing finances or solve custody rights of children and the likes. As the article mentions, some people have lost their jobs after their employer found out someone was in a polyamorous relationship. Some people, like one of the interviewees, had to divorce his wife and marry his second partner because of her immigration status. Now, he faces the issue of now not being able to benefit from his previous wife’s health insurance despite them being together in a relationship. Another interviewee points out that being in a polyamorous relationship is not all about sex. Instead, polyamorous relationships do not function much more differently than monogamous relationships. Nonetheless, despite efforts to dispel myths about polyamorous relationships, there are articles that argue against legal recognition of polyamorous relationships.

            In The Atlantic, Friedersdorf (2015) argues against plural marriage and counters statements put forward by a blogger that is in favor of plural marriages. One of his first arguments is founded in a utilitarianism. He states, “the strongest argument against state-sanctioned group marriage is” based on how there are reports and studies about how group or plural marriages in other countries correlate with (sexual) violence. His argument also includes the positive correlation of monogamous marriage and child welfare and negative correlation of (sexual) violence and things such as economic productivity. Without getting into the philosophical arguments for and against utilitarianism as a basis for morality, it should be noted that correlation does not always equate to causation. Further, as the author alludes to, what occurs in one culture does not imply it would occur in another such as the United States. The next argument makes a claim that plural marriage is bad for low-status men and for women in general. This claim is based on the likelihood of high-status men taking multiple wives. This could theoretically leave less women available to lower status men and increase the competition between wives. However, this argument ignores the possibility of women having multiple husbands as would be possible with the legalization of plural marriages. The practice of multiple partner relationships is not illegal either despite plural marriages being illegal. So, regardless of the legal status of plural marriages, those willing to partake in a plural relationship will. Other objections to plural marriages mentioned by the author include plural marriages not being a human right; logistical issues such marrying to confer citizenship, and the sharing of insurance.   

            Similarly, another article on a Christian news site tackles the topic of polyamory. The theme of the article revolves around the discussion of whether polyamory is good or bad for women and children. The author wonders as to how such family arrangements will handle children, whether paternity tests will be routine, whether males would care of another male’s children, and how inheritance will work (Horton, 2019). The author points out situations in which it seems difficult or confusing as to how issues will be solved. So, in short, the author believes that polyamorous relationships “are too complex to regulate into marital equivalence” (Horton, 2019). Pardi (2019) argues against polyamory in a similar fashion. She compares humans to other animals in an effort to argue that humans, with their physiology, are more suited toward monogamy. The hormones secreted during sex establish ties between partners and because of this, she implies that humans are “meant” to make sentimental bonds with their sexual partner instead of parting with their sexual partner as if no bond was made. This argument could be used against casual sex or one-night stands. She continues, “polyamory leads to repeatedly creating and then cutting sexual ties” (Pardi, 2019). She references a doctor’s explanation of defensive attachment which suggests that multiple failed sexual relationships may lead one to experience a numbness towards passion and emotional closeness. Other arguments put forward by her include the idea that monogamy offers societal (and evolutionary) advantages, the conferring of sexually transmitted disease and accidental pregnancy, and that “polyamory gets old.” Other news articles may praise polyamory as, for example, Elf Lyons (2017) writes.

            Those who praise polyamory may sometimes claim that polyamory empowers women by giving them more autonomy than a monogamous relationship would give them and Lyons (2017) makes such a claim. She describes polyamory as a philosophy in which polyamory is a sort of affirmation or understanding that it is possible and natural for some people to fall in love with more than one person. Some articles suggest either polyamory leads to more sexually satisfying relationships or not. Cassie Weber (2017) writes an article that features a poll that suggests people in open or polyamorous relationships report double the amount of unsatisfactory sexual satisfaction when compared to monogamous couples. 71% of people in polyamorous relationships reporting satisfactory sexual satisfaction and 22% reporting dissatisfaction; and 82% of people in monogamous relationships reporting sexual satisfaction and 11% reporting dissatisfaction. Zachary Zane’s (2018) article focuses on how the polyamorous lifestyle is not practiced solely by (affluent) “white liberals” as many may believe. This article also cites a study finding that 4 to 5 percent of people in the United States practice polyamory. Zane (2018) cites a study that suggests polyamorous people tend to identify more often as bisexual/pansexual, divorced, and make less money than monogamous couples. Regarding political affiliation, the study found that polyamorous people tend to stray from the normal Democrat or Republican. This trend in different political ideologies may have been picked up on by Olivia Goldhill (2018) with her article being titled “Polyamorous sex is the most quietly revolutionary political weapon in the United States.” The article notes that the polyamorous community has changed since the 1960s and 1970s. During these times, along with the hippy movement, polyamory was often politically charged. Back then, the most open polyamorists were living out in communes in an effort to reject the hegemonic ideals associated with the United States’ capitalism.

            However, as time went on, many of these communes fell apart. Instead of practicing polyamory on communes, polyamorists now practice polyamory in the same environment monogamists practice monogamy. The article written by Goldhill (2018) features interviews with polyamorists. One polyamorist describes one form of polyamory and polyamory politics as a sort of libertarian socialism in which there is a “respect for a non-hierarchical society that values collective, community decision-making” and the ability for people to live their lives without government interference. Goldhill claims that many polyamorists now believe that polyamory is inherently political as they also see monogamy as tied politics. Goldhill’s claim is backed by the 1960’s feminists’ argument that the “personal is political”. Further, as the practice of joining a commune to practice polyamory has decreased, polyamorists now essentially hide in public or in the “mainstream” and this allows polyamorists to “surreptitiously” alter the definition of normal from within, Goldhill suggests. One aspect of family life polyamorists may be able to help alter is the traditional heterosexual family dynamic, Goldhill further suggests.

            To contrast what media outlets have to say about polyamory, I will cover research articles that touch on the topic of polyamory. Conley, Moors, Matsick, and Ziegler (2013) take a five-prong approach. First, they contextualize the reason for their study, and this includes a literature review of past research that summaries media portrayals of consensually non-monogamous relationships. The rest of the prongs include studies conducted by the researchers. Second, is a study that asks participants what the benefits of monogamy is. Third, fourth, and fifth further investigate the opinions participants have towards monogamy and consensually non-monogamous relationships. Study one suggests that participants believe monogamy is better at fostering positive aspects of a relationship such as commitment, health, trust, and meaningfulness when compared to consensually non-monogamous relationships. Study two assesses whether consensually non-monogamous relationships are stigmatized. The results suggested that they are as participants answered in such a way that suggested monogamy holds a halo effect. The halo effect, as the researchers suggest, is the idea that monogamy is held culturally superior, dominant, and more favorable than non-monogamy. Study three’s results suggest that people often view non-monogamy as sexually risky, that monogamy is more acceptable, natural, and more successful than non-monogamy. Study four has similar results with participants suggesting that monogamous couples love each other, respect one another, show kindness to one another, among other traits more so than people in non-monogamous relationships. As the researchers hypothesized, consensually non-monogamous relationships would be valued less because it is a nonnormative relationship orientation and that monogamous relationships have a halo effect. Similar findings are replicated in the study by Johnson, Giuliano, Herselman, and Hutzler (2015).

            Their research was partially inspired by the increasing popularity of the polyamorous relationship style as well as the trend of researchers investigating the attitudes toward polyamory. The findings of their study found that attitudes held toward polyamory were negatively related to traditional values, political conservatism, religious fundamentalism, emotional jealousy, and positively related to sensation seeking and sexual sensation seeking. Ziegler, Matsick, Moords, Rubin and Terri Conley (2014) make use of a literature review to combat misinformation about non-monogamous relationships with a feminist lens. Because of habituation, the notion that monogamy will provide a lifetime of “exciting sex” is “empirically unfounded”. Further, polyamorous relationships provide women the ability to exert sexual autonomy without stigma. Polyamory emphasizes the equality between partners. Jealousy is not absent in monogamous relationships and women experience repercussions more of then than men by means of domestic violence and sexual assault. The researchers suggest that polyamory “is founded” on minimizing jealousy held and the consequences of jealousy. While jealously maintains the social order of monogamy and monogamy reinforces women’s dependence on men. Historically, monogamy has restricted the autonomy of women. Polyamory does not have that sort of history. The article goes on to suggest that women in polyamorous relationships can take on different roles with their higher degree of autonomy and have better access to resources.

            Amy C. Moors (2017), using the data Google provides, was able to measure search queries to see if there has been a rise of interest in polyamory. She found that Google searches for polyamory and open relationships have increased from 2006 to 2015. This suggests that more people are looking into different relationship orientations apart from monogamy despite its halo effect. Mitchell, Bartholomew, and Cobb (2014) investigate how fulfilling polyamorous relationships may be. Their findings suggested that polyamorous relationships are often fulfilling and that by having multiple significant others does not detract from how fulfilling the relationships may be. In “Polyamorists Next Door” by Elisabeth Sheff shares her research and experience within polyamory. Problems such as breaking up, co-parenting, divorce, complexity, drama, unpredictability, stigma, and legal recognition are some of many problems polyamorous individuals may face. As for the children that have polyamorous parents, it is only when they reach the tween and teen years do they notice their parents have different than normal relationship orientation. A part of the book is dedicated to how tweens and teens talk to their peers about how their family dynamics work. Some children prefer not to say anything at all about their family. Sometimes because they simply do not want to or because they are afraid of their peers being judgmental. The polyamorous family dynamic seems to have no overt affect on the children in terms of development. Some of the children do wonder if they will prefer having multiple partners or partake in monogamy. Further, most of the children tend to shield themselves from knowing too much about what their parents do with other partners as most children shield themselves from knowing too much about their parents’ sex lives.

            Having detailed what news articles and research articles have to say about polyamory, the negative aspects of polyamory portrayed in news articles are exaggerated when compared to what the research has to say. Polyamorous families exist and they function despite being complex. The kids are raised and operate not much differently from the kids in monogamous relationships as far as we can tell. A lot more research is warranted in the field of polyamory. Whether children of polyamorous families have more or less self-esteem, confidence, honesty, and the likes should be looked into as has research into the children of same-sex couples have been done. The research done so far, however, suggests that polyamorous relationships can be just as fulfilling as monogamous relationships. Though, the stigma and lack of legal aid does render some problems for polyamorous families, and this is highlighted in both research and news articles. In summary, polyamory is likely going to increase in popularity and more research is likely to come. There are likely more benefits than disadvantages in partaking in polyamory, but polyamory is not for everyone. So it is not likely that polyamory will overtake monogamy, but it is a viable alternative for those willing.


Resources:
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